Protected Cultivation

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PROTECTED CULTIVATION

  •         Poly house
  •         Shade net   
  •         Rain shelter
  •         Mulching
 


Land Holdings in India
        
  •          Total Operational Land Holdings: 138.35 Million
  •          Average Size of Operational Land holding: 1.08 Ha
  •          Small & Marginal: 85%   (Marginal: < 1 Ha ; Small: 1-2 Ha)
  •          Semi-Medium and Medium: 14.3 % (2-4 Ha ; 4-10 Ha)
  •          Large: 0.7% (> 10 Ha)


·        

Status of Plastics
  • Plastics demand is growing rapidly at 10% CAGR (Compound Annual              Growth   Rate)
  •   Present consumption 14Mn TPA (Million Tonnes Per Annum)
  •   India is net importer of Polyethylene (PE)
  •  Significantly regional diversity in consumption with Western India: 47%,        Northern India 23%, Southern India 21% and Eastern India 9%.
  •    Per capita consumption: 11 Kg per Year


Reasons for less adoption

  •          High capital cost
  •          Lack of technical knowledge
  •          Lack of awareness about subsidiaries
  •          Perception that the system is not economical
  •          Considered as pollutants in agronomy, mulch laying mechanization and        removal from fields


Significance of Plasticulture


  •    Plasticulture have been proved to enhance productivity and profitability worldwide
  •         In India Polymer utilization is just 2 % as compared to the world average of 8%
  •         Agricultural output can be increased by Rs. 750 billion through plasticulture

Plasticulture Application
Water Saving (%)
Water Use Efficiency (%)
Fertilizer Use Efficiency (%)
Drip Irrigation  
40-70
30-70
20
Sprinkler Irrigation   
30-50
35-60
30
Plastic Mulching
40-60
15-20
250
Greenhouse
60-85
20-25
35
Shade Nets
30-40
30-50
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Tunnel
40-50
20-30
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Farm Pond Lined  with Plastic Film
100
40-60
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Naturally Ventilated greenhouse structure for Arid and Semi-arid region

  v  Area: 28*20 m (560 m2)
  v  The designed green house can withstand wind speed of 180 Km/h.
  v  Cost: Rs. 2000 per m2


Soil-less cultivation with leachate recycling (Semi-arid, cold and hilly region)

  v  Package for practices for soil-less cultivation of cucumber and tomato has been standardized.
  v  Average yield of cucumber (Variable Multistar)-4.6 kg per plant compared to the 1.3 kg per plant in open field.
  v  Average yield of tomato (Variable. Heemshikhar)-8.10 kg per plant compared to 3.6 kg per plant in open field.
  v  30% leachate and 70 % fresh solution mixture can be used for cucumber cultivation in soilless media.

  v  Require 15% less fertilization dose than RDF for tomato production in soil-less media.

Protection of cumin crop against adverse climate

Poly-Tunnel Structure of LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) plastic film as found best for the CUMIN crop

  v  Early Maturity (crop duration: 45-50 days compared to 60-75 days for control )
  v  Minimum insects/pests incidences
  v  Water saving: 37 %(300mm/Ha as compared to 335 mm/Ha in control)
  v  Increased yield:67 %(1267 kg/ha as compared to 758 kg/Ha in control)
  v  Better Quality of cumin seeds  (1000 seed weight  5.85 g compared to 4.24 g in control)
  v  Highest net profit of 2,28,060 Rs/Ha (control : 1,36,440 Rs/Ha)


 Quonset shape GI frame Polyhouse

Sizes
100 m2 (Naturally Ventilated)
Cost
Rs 400-500 per m2 (In Uttarakhand)
Rs600-700 per m2 (In Srinagar- snow bound area)
Cultivation
Off-season vegetables, nursery, strawberry
Income
Rs 1,20,000 per year or more
Units installed
10-Uttarakhan
2-Kashmir
5-Punjab
Efforts
>25 Entrepreneurs trained at Almora and Ludhaina centres




Plastic Mulching and micro irrigation


Effect of mulch on water use efficiency and yield of water melon

Maximum crop yield (40.5 t/ha) in case of silver black plastic mulch.
Maximum water use efficiency (163.36 kg/ha-mm)

Practical Utility: Water melon cultivation under mulching technology has been proved as a practice for water saving as well as good returns to farming community.
Recommendation for farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone: Use silver black plastic mulch (20 microns) with drip irrigation for cultivating water melon in summer melon in summer season.

Effect of coloured plastic mulches on tomato crop
  v  Red plastic mulch better: crop parameters plant height (95.50 cm) and weight of fruits/plants (3.82 kg)
  v  Yield of the tomato crop (84.8 t/Ha) red mulch.
  v  Silver mulch (73.63 t/Ha)
  v  Minimum yield of tomato was found in control (52.5 t/Ha).


Shade-nets

Technology for Sunburn reduction in pomegranate fruits in hot and arid region
  ü  Black net+fogger was found best to reduce sun burn with almost nil burn.  
  ü  Black shade net (50%) 1-2% fruits were affected by sun burn compared to control where 40-45 % fruits affected by sunburn.



Plastic Pond Lining & Irrigation system

  ü  Rain water harvesting and its utilization for better water efficiency, plastics lined ponds and low head gravity drip irrigations system
  ü  Conjunctive use of runoff harvested water from plastic lined farm pond and groundwater for crop production.





Conclusions

  ü  Plasticulture technologies have been proved effective for enhancing farmer’s income and providing good agribusiness opportunities.
  ü     Awareness about the plasticulture technologies.
  ü     Farm level harvesting and micro irrigation.



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