Soil and Water Engineering

              Traditional Agricultural practices    Mechanised Agricultural Practices   Precision Agriculture                                  Ø Application of right amount of input to crops at the  right time and right place .     Ø It is an approach to farm management by the farmer to use an adequate amount of crop inputs at optimum place, while keeping in mind the motive to apply the inputs at the required place only and resulting in saving of inputs, time and energy.     Ø Assuring farmers with maximum possible profit. Procedure     Ø Data is collected initiaaly by GIS/GPS/Sensors etc.     Ø Analysed by models/Decision Support System etc.     Ø Ensured Profit/Benefits/Increased productivity. Components of Precision Agriculture(PA)     Ø GPS/GLONASS Navigation.     Ø Sensors     Ø Remote Sensing     Ø Analysing Models     Ø Data Management     Ø Yield Monitoring     Ø Automatic mechanisms     Ø Variable

Introduction: Groundwater is a precious gift given by nature for free present in aquifers and it is human psychology that we do not care about things that are available for free. Even the groundwater was not able to keep itself out of human exploitation. Groundwater was discovered many years ago. We can assume the level of groundwater as we know that at that time there were only dug wells or shallow wells. Later came into play deep tubewells after handpumps and other pumps. It clearly shows that the groundwater level is going down very fastly due to the over-exploitation. More than 60% of the global population thrives by using groundwater resources. Exploring the groundwater at deep levels is a major challenge to the geological scientists. Renewable resource: YES!!! Groundwater is a renewable resource as we can refill water into the ground using various methods. We can restore water and increase the water table by performing some jobs like installing a rainwater har