Soil and Water Engineering

What is Irrigation Requirement? Irrigation Requirement is the amount of water the crop requires in order to stay alive. It is given on the basis of the moisture content of the soil. The irrigation interval is known as the difference between two successive irrigations in days. It depends on ET (Evapotranspiration) which is the combined effect of evaporation and transpiration. In bare lands or soils with seeds just planted or for small seedlings, transpiration contributes very little % in ET while Evaporation takes the main credit. While in the case of grown crops transpiration plays a major role in ET. More is the canopy cover more is be the effect of transpiration in ET. In fully grown crops, transpiration has the 90% share in ET while 10% is occupied by evaporation. Why calculate Irrigation Requirement?    Irrigation Requirement tells us the amount of depth of water needed to be given in the field depending on the area. This data will prevent the case of over and under-irrigation. How

                                                             V. Cidzinkiene, V. Maseliene, R. Girgzdiene, R. Goranina   (2014) ( Open Chemistry )   About the study Location of the study:   Lithuania Problem statement:       To track the groundwater using Sodium Fluorescein. Procedure adopted:       Sodium fluorescein is used as a tracer for 2 systems to determine                                                               the groundwater flow direction.   Methodology   Sodium fluorescein (C 20 H 10 Na 2 O 5 ) is used . •       The monitoring well network consists of two subsystems. •       System I in the north-western part of the site consists of 8 wells: 7 observation (S1-1, S1-2, S1-3, S1-4, S1-5, S1-6, S1-7), and one injection. •       This well set examines the semi-confined aquifer 10 to 19 m deep. •       Sandy clay occurs at 4.7–6.7 m. •       The aquifer of medium-grained sand is below. Borehole S1-7 is installed 4 m deep in an aquifer of technogen